| Year |
Winner |
Lifetime |
Contribution |
| 1901 |
Wilhelm
Konrad Rontgen |
1845-1923 |
for
the discovery of x-rays |
| 1902
|
Hendrik
Antoon Lorentz
Pieter
Zeeman
|
1853-1928
1865-1943 |
for
their work on the influence of magnetism on radiation. |
| 1903 |
Antoine
Henri Becquerel
Pierre
Curie
Marie
Sklowdowska-Curie
|
1852-1908
1859-1906
1867-1934
|
for his
discovery of radioactivity.
for their
joint research on nuclear radiation phenomena.
|
| 1904 |
Lord Rayleigh
(John
William Strutt)
|
1842-1919 |
for
his research on the densities of the gases and for his discovery
of argon |
| 1905 |
Philipp
Eduard Anton von Lenard |
1862-1947 |
for
his work on cathode rays. |
| 1906 |
Joseph
John Thomson |
1856-1940 |
for
his research on the conduction of electricity by gases. |
| 1907 |
Albert
Abraham Michelson |
1852-1931 |
for
his optical instruments and for measuring the speed of light. |
| 1908 |
Gabriel
Lippmann |
1845-1921 |
for
his method of reproducing colors photographically based on the
interference techiniques. |
| 1909 |
Guglielmo
Marconi
Carl Ferdinand
Braun
|
1874-1937
1850-1918
|
for
their development of wireless telegraphy. |
| 1910 |
Johannes
Diderik van der Waals |
1837-1932 |
for
his research on the equation of state for gases and liquids. |
| 1911 |
Wilhelm
Wien |
1864-1928 |
for
his work on heat radiation. |
| 1912 |
Nils
Gustaf Dalen |
1869-1937 |
for
his invention of automatic regulators for use in lighthouses. |
| 1913 |
Heike
Kamerlingh Onnes |
1853-1926 |
for
his work on the properties of matter at low temperatures and
for liquefying helium. |
| 1914 |
Max
von Laue |
1879-1960 |
for
his discovery of the diffraction of x-rays in crystals. |
| 1915 |
William
Henry Bragg
William
Lawrence Bragg
|
1862-1942
1890-1971
|
for
their analysis of crystal structure using x-rays. |
| 1917 |
Charles
Glover Barkla |
1877-1944 |
for
his study of atoms by x-rays scattering. |
| 1918 |
Max
Planck |
1858-1947 |
for
his discovery of quanta of energy. |
| 1919 |
Johannes
Stark |
1874-1957 |
for
his discovery of the splitting of spectral lines in electric
fields |
| 1920 |
Charles-Edouard
Guillaume |
1861-1938 |
for
his discovery of invar, a nickel-steel alloy. |
| 1921 |
Albert
Einstein |
1879-1955 |
for
his explanation of the photoelectric effect. |
| 1922 |
Niels
Bohr |
1885-1962 |
for
his model of the atom. |
| 1923 |
Robert
Andrews Millikan |
1868-1953 |
for
his measurement of the charge of the electron and for his experimental
work on the photoelectric effect. |
| 1924 |
Kark
Manne Georg Siegbahn |
1888-1979 |
for
his research in x-ray spectroscopy. |
| 1925 |
James
Franck
Gustav
Hertz
|
1882-1964
1887-1975
|
for
their research on electron-atom collisions. |
| 1926 |
Jean
Baptiste Perrin |
1870-1942 |
for
his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and for measuring
the size of atoms. |
| 1927 |
Arthur
Holly Compton
Charles
Thomson Rees Wilson
|
1892-1962
1869-1959
|
for his
discovery of the Compton effect
for inventing
the cloud chamber which makes visible the paths of charged
particles.
|
| 1928 |
Owen
Willans Richardson |
1879-1959 |
for
his discovery of the thermionic effect. |
| 1929 |
Prince
Louis-Victor de Broglie |
1892-1987 |
for
his discovery of the wave nature of electrons. |
| 1930 |
Sir
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman |
1888-1970 |
for
his work on light scattering. |
| 1932 |
Werner
Heisenberg |
1901-1976 |
for
the development of quantum mechanics. |
| 1933 |
Erwin
Schrodinger
Paul Adrien
Maurice Dirac
|
1887-1962
1902-1984
|
for the development of wave mechanics.
for the
development of relativistic quantum mechanics.
|
| 1935 |
James
Chadwick |
1891-1974 |
for
the discovery of the neutron. |
| 1936 |
Victor
Franz Hess
Carl David
Anderson
|
1883-1964
1904-1984
|
for the
discovery of cosmic radiation.
for the
discovery of the positron.
|
| 1937 |
Clinton
Joseph Davisson
George
Paget Thomson
|
1881-1958
1892-1975
|
for
their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons
by crystals, confirming de Brogie's hypothesis |
| 1938 |
Enrico
Fermi |
1901-1954 |
for
producing new radioactive elements by means of neutron irradiation. |
| 1939 |
Ernest
Orlando Lawrence |
1901-1958 |
for
the invention of the cyclotron |
| 1943 |
Otto
Stern |
1888-1969 |
for
his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton |
| 1944 |
Isidor
Isaac Rabi |
1898-1988 |
for
his discovery of the nuclear magnetic resonance method that
records the magnetic properties of nuclei. |
| 1945 |
Wolfgang
Pauli |
1900-1958 |
for
the discovery of the exclusion principle. |
| 1946 |
Percy
Williams Bridgman |
1882-1961 |
for
his work in the field of high-pressure physics |
| 1947 |
Sir
Edward Victor Appleton |
1892-1965 |
for
his study of the physics of the upper atmosphere. |
| 1948 |
Patrick
Maynard Stuart Blackett |
1897-1974 |
for
his discoveries in nuclear physics with cloud-chamber photographs
of cosmic rays. |
| 1949 |
Hideki
Yukawa |
1907-1981 |
for
his prediction of the existence of mesons. |
| 1950 |
Cecil
Frank Powell |
1903-1969 |
for
his photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his
discoveries of new mesons. |
| 1951 |
Sir John
Douglas Cockcroft
Ernest
Thomas Sinton Walton
|
1897-1967
1903-1995
|
for
their work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei using a particle
accelerator. |
| 1952 |
Felix
Bloch
Edward
Mills Purcell
|
1905-1983
1912-1997
|
for
their discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids are
gases. |
| 1953 |
Frits
Zernike |
1888-1966 |
for
his invention of the phase-contrast microsope |
| 1954 |
Max Born
Walther
Bothe
|
1882-1970
1891-1957
|
for
his interpretation of the wave function as probability.
for his coincidence method for studying subatomic particles.
|
| 1955 |
Willis
Eugene Lamb
Polykarp
Kusch
|
1913-
1911-1993
|
for
his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen
spectrum.
for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the
electron.
|
| 1956 |
William
Shockley
John Bardeen
Walter
Houser Brattain
|
1910-1989
1908-1991
1902-1987
|
for
their their development of the transistor |
| 1957 |
Chen Ning
Yang
Tsung
Dao Lee
|
1922-
1926-
|
for
their prediction that parity is not conserved in beta decay. |
| 1958 |
Pavel
Aleksejevic Cerenkov
Il' ja
Michajlovic Frank
Igor'
Evgen' evic Tamm
|
1904-1990
1908-1990
1895-1971
|
for the
discovery of Cerenkov radiation.
for his
interpretation of Cerenkov radiation
|
| 1959 |
Emilio
Gino Segre
Owen Chamberlain
|
1905-1989
1920-
|
for
their discovery of the antiproton. |
| 1960 |
Donald
Arthur Glaser |
1926- |
for
the development of the bubble chamber |
| 1961 |
Robert
Hofstadter
Rudolf
Ludwig Mössbauer
|
1915-1990
1929-
|
for his
discovery of the internal structure of the nucleons.
for his
discovery of the Mössbauer effect regarding recoilless
emission of g-rays.
|
| 1962 |
Lev
Davidovic Landau |
1908-1968 |
for
his theoretical work on the superfluidity of liquid helium. |
| 1963 |
Eugene
P. Wigner
Maria
Goeppert Mayer
J. Hans
D. Jensen
|
1902-1995
1906-1972
1907-1973
|
for his
discovery and application of symmetry principles to elementary
particle theory.
for their
work concerning the shell structure of the nucleus.
|
| 1964 |
Charles
H. Townes
Nikolai
G. Basov
Alexander
M. Prochorov
|
1915-
1922-2001
1916-2002
|
for
the development of masers and lasers. |
| 1965 |
Sin-itiro
Tomonaga
Julian
Schwinger
Richard
P. Feynman
|
1906-1979
1918-1994
1918-1988
|
for
their development of quantum electrodynamics |
| 1966 |
Alfred
Kastler |
1902-1984 |
for
the development of optical methods for studying energy levels
in atoms. |
| 1967 |
Hans
Albrecht Bethe |
1906-2005 |
for
discoveries concerning the energy production in stars. |
| 1968 |
Luis
W. Alvarez |
1911-1988 |
for
the discovery of resonance states of elementary particles. |
| 1969 |
Murray
Gell-Mann |
1929- |
for
his theoretical work regarding the classification of elementary
particles. |
| 1970 |
Hannes
Alvén
Louis
Neel
|
1908-1995
1904-2000
|
for discoveries
in magneto-hydrodynamics.
for his
discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism.
|
| 1971 |
Dennis
Gabor |
1900-1979 |
for
his development of the principles of holography. |
| 1972 |
John Bardeen
Leon N.
Cooper
J. Robert
Schrieffer
|
1908-1991
1931-
1931-
|
for
their development of a theory of superconductivity. |
| 1973 |
Leo Esaki
Ivar Giaever
Brian
D. Josephson
|
1925-
1929-
1940-
|
for the
discovery of tunneling in semiconductors.
for the
discovery of tunneling in superconductors
for his
theoretical work on the properties of currents through a tunnel
barrier.
|
| 1974 |
Antony
Hewish
Sir Martin
Ryle
|
1924-
1918-1984
|
for the
discovery of pulsars.
for his
work in radiointerferometry.
|
| 1975 |
Aage Bohr
Ben Mottelson
James
Rainwater
|
1922-
1926-
1917-1986
|
for
their work on the structure of the atomic nucleus |
| 1976 |
Burton
Richter
Samuel
Chao Chung Ting
|
1931-
1936-
|
For
their independent discovery of J and psi particles. |
| 1977 |
Philip
Warren Anderson
Nevill
Francis Mott
John Hasbrouck
Van Vleck
|
1923-
1905-1996
1899-1980
|
for
their quantum-mechanical study of solids. |
| 1978 |
Peter
L. Kapitza
Arno A.
Penzias
Robert
Woodrow Wilson
|
1894-1984
1926-
1936-
|
for his
fundamental work in low-temperature physics.
for the
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
|
| 1979 |
Sheldon
Lee Glashow
Abdus
Salam
Steven
Weinberg
|
1932-
1926-1996
1933-
|
for
their unified theory of the weak and electromagnetic forces. |
| 1980 |
James
W. Cronin
Val L.
Fitch
|
1931-
1923-
|
for
the discovery of parity violations in the decay of neutral K
mesons. |
| 1981 |
Nicolaas
Bloemergen
Arthur
Leonard Schawlow
Kai M.
Siegbahn
|
1920-
1921-1999
1918-
|
for their
development of laser spectroscopy.
for the
development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy.
|
| 1982 |
Kenneth
Geddes Wilson |
1936- |
for
his work regarding phase transitions. |
| 1983 |
Subrehmanyan
Chandrasekhar
William
A. Fowler
|
1910-1995
1911-1995
|
for his
work on the structure and evolution of stars.
for his
work on the formation of the chemical elements.
|
| 1984 |
Carlo
Rubbia
Simon
van der Meer
|
1934-
1925-
|
for
their discovery of the W and Z particles, the carriers of the
weak interaction. |
| 1985 |
Klaus
von Klitzing |
1943- |
for
his discovery of the quantized Hall effect. |
| 1986 |
Ernst
Ruska
Gerd Binnig
Heinrich
Rohrer
|
1906-1988
1947-
1933-
|
for the
invention of the electron microscope.
for the
invention of the scanning-tunneling electron microscope.
|
| 1987 |
Karl Alex
Muller
J. George
Bednorz
|
1927-
1950-
|
for
their discovery of high temperature superconductors |
| 1988 |
Leon Lederman
Melvin
Schwartz
Jack Steinberger
|
1922-
1932-
1921-
|
for
their production of neutrino beams and their discovery of the
mu neutrino. |
| 1989 |
Norman
Ramsay
Hans Dehmelt
Wolfgang
Paul
|
1915-
1922-
1913-1993
|
for the
development of atomic resonance spectroscopy
for their
development of techniques for trapping single atoms
|
| 1990 |
Jerome
Friedman
Henry
Kendall
Richard
Taylor
|
1930-
1926-
1999
1929-
|
for
experiments that revealed the existence of quarks. |
| 1991 |
Pierre-Gilles
de Gennes |
1932- |
for
his research on superconductors, polymers and liquid crystals. |
| 1992 |
Georges
Charpak |
1924- |
for
his development of elementary particle detectors. |
| 1993 |
Russel
Hulse
Joseph
Taylor
|
1950-
1941-
|
For
discovering evidence for gravitational waves. |
| 1994 |
Bertram
N. Brockhouse
Clifford
G. Shull
|
1918-2003
1915-2001
|
For
contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques
in condensed matter studies. |
| 1995 |
Martin
L. Perl
Frederick
Reines
|
1927-
1918-1998
|
For
experimental contributions to lepton physics |
| 1996 |
David
M. Lee
Douglas
D. Osheroff
Robert
C. Richardson
|
1931-
1945-
1937-
|
For
their discovery of suplerfluidity in helium-3. |
| 1997 |
Steven
Chu
Claude
Cohen-Tannoudji
William
D. Phillips
|
1948-
1938-
1948-
|
For
the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with lasers. |
| 1998 |
Robert
B. Laughlin
Horst
L. Stomer
Daniel
C. Tsui
|
1950-
1949-
1939-
|
For
their discovery of a new form of quantum field with fractionally
charged excitations. |
| 1999 |
Gerardus
'T Hooft
Martinus
J.G. Veltman
|
1946-
1931-
|
For
elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions
in physics. |
| 2000 |
Zhores I. Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack S. Kilby |
1930-
1928-
1923-2005 |
For work [which] has laid the foundations of modern information technology (IT), particularly through their invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes, and integrated circuits (chips) |
| 2001 |
Eric A. Cornell
Wolfgang Ketterle
Carl Wieman |
1961-
1957-
1951- |
For the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates
|
| 2002 |
Raymond Davis Jr.
Masatoshi Koshiba
Riccardo Giacconi |
1914-
1926-
1931- |
For pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos
For pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources |
| 2003 |
Alexei A. Abrikosov
Vitaly L. Ginzburg
Anthony J. Leggett |
1928-
1916-
1938- |
For pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids |
| 2004 |
David J. Gross
H. David Politzer
Frank Wilczek |
1941-
1949-
1951- |
For the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction |
| 2005 |
Roy J. Glauber
John L. Hall
Theodor W. Hänsch |
1925-
1934-
1941- |
For his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence
For their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique |
| 2006 |
|
|
|
